nato climate change and security agenda

A recent Pentagon report has found that more than 50 per cent of US military bases, including operational bases abroad, are at grave risk from flooding, extreme temperatures, wind, drought and wildfire. It is important to base operational military planning on the impact of the most likely IPCC scenario – especially as some NATO operations may last more than a decade. Climate change has been gaining increasing importance on the NATO agenda. NATO needs comprehensively to assess this consensus, which also includes extreme scenarios and the high dynamics of climatic change processes, with all their risks. NATO’s current security doctrine needs to change. First, increase Allied awareness. Found insideThis book examines NATO's engagement with gender issues through its military structures. 5.00pm–6.00pm. In 2010, climate change was institutionalized in NATO through the Strategic Concept for the Defense and Security of the Members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. At the Atlantic Alliance’s recent summit in Brussels, climate … However, further work and sustained political ambition is needed to ensure that NATO is fully prepared to continue to deliver in a changing climate. Nevertheless, the Alliance can adapt in many ways. Found insideThis volume brings together research on this question from political science, history, and political economy, aiming to inform both future scholarship and strategic decision-making. Climate change and security is also an integral part of the NATO 2030 decisions taken by Heads of State and Government at the 2021 Brussels Summit. Extreme climatic conditions also cause faster ‘wear and tear’ of equipment (weapons, vehicles, etc.). “But China’s military build-up, growing influence and coercive behavior also poses some challenges to our security, and we need to address them together as an Alliance”, Stoltenberg said. The World Economic Forum’s Global Risks Report (pdf) ranks ’Extreme Weather’ as number one of the top ten risks in terms of likelihood. Years of experience have taught the Alliance that prevention is better than intervention. NATO. And therefore, it matters for NATO and therefore, NATO has … The higher frequency and intensity of sand and dust storms, which are caused by the rise of arid and semi-arid sub-regions, will increasingly impede operations due to visual flight restrictions (in operational areas, flights are tactical and therefore usually based on Visual Flight Range rules). At an arsenal of defence and security conferences – such as within NATO in late 2019 - climate change, security and related risks have been considered at the highest level. They have also agreed an implementation strategy that sets out ways in which NATO can work with partners, academia and the private sector – including start-ups – to develop new technologies more quickly and strengthen the industrial base. At the Summit and in the following months, allied leaders will need to take ambitious and practical steps if NATO is to deal with the challenges of today and tomorrow … As part of NATO 2030, the Secretary General has proposed to establish a new transatlantic defence innovation accelerator to foster more transatlantic cooperation on critical technologies and maintain the ability of Allies to work together. Stoltenberg said that the NATO leaders will also address China on the climate change and the arms control issues. According to the report, climate change “is striking harder and more rapidly than many expected. In NATO’s 2010 Strategic Concept, Allies for the first time acknowledged that “[k]ey environmental and resource constraints, including health risks, climate … This is why the Secretary General launched NATO 2030. Climate change has been gaining increasing importance on the NATO agenda. Afghanistan is almost certain to be on the agenda as the US and NATO work to withdraw forces by the September 11 deadline set by Biden. It’s great that the issue of military emissions is finally on the international agenda. "This book provides a much needed analysis of the interactions between climate change and the food system, with emphasis on how food security is likely to be affected and interventions needed to adapt to a warmer world. Given the risk of positive feedbacks, the risk of tipping points, further global warming in the coming decades combined with long-term and irreversible shifts in weather patterns, a radically new situation is emerging for NATO’s militaries. NATO also has to take into account the impact of climate change on security to successfully fulfil its three core tasks of collective defence, crisis management, and cooperative security. The vast geographic expanse and sparse coastlines are likely to create additional tensions regarding the exploitation of new maritime resources and raw materials. NATO's current Strategic Concept was agreed in 2010 and has served NATO well. NATO is the bedrock of transatlantic security, encompassing thirty democracies across North America and Europe. Furthermore, data on energy demand and consumption in the military could inform Allies’ investment decisions, help define the role of Emerging Disruptive Technologies and innovative energy efficient and sustainable technologies, as well as inform operational planning. Fourth, enhance outreach. In other words, one has to assume that the problem will get even worse. This Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report (IPCC-SREX) explores the challenge of understanding and managing the risks of climate extremes to advance climate change adaptation. Extreme weather and climate action failure are therefore the determining characteristics in this risk matrix, ranking well before the economic, societal and technological categories. Autonomous systems to help NATO examine climate change effects in Arctic waters ... chance in the High North on defense and security. Climate change and security will also be on the agenda, he said. An action plan will follow to lay out what NATO will … Its big “achievement” was the misguided adoption of a climate change agenda. Since 2014, the Alliance has implemented the biggest reinforcement of its collective defence in a generation, including with more forces at higher readiness and new deployments on Allied territory. This Assessment will analyse the impact of climate change on NATO’s strategic environment and NATO’s assets, installations, missions and operations. The Munich Security Conference, founded as "Wehrkundetagung" in 1963, has evolved into the leading independent forum for security policy. However, climate change could also unite the international community. This is provided that we recognize climate change as a threat to humankind and so set the course for adopting a dynamic and globally coordinated climate policy. Launch facilities are typically close to shorelines and marginally above sea level, putting them at risk from sea-level rise associated with climate change. Another challenge for air operations caused by climate change is the overheating of military aircraft and airbase installations – an increased logistical effort and higher energy consumption is required to compensate for this. Under NATO 2030, Allies will seek to deepen political consultation, strengthen deterrence and defence, and enhance resilience. The 2010 Strategic Concept for the Defence and Security of NATO Members stated that … Leaders also welcomed an ambitious NATO 2030 agenda that will continue NATO’s adaptation to address evolving security challenges, including the security … NATO wants to analyse the impact of climate change on the security environment, and … This will enable NATO to better monitor, assess and advise Allies on national resilience needs and requirements related to NATO's collective defence. In recent years, Allies have identified seven key emerging and disruptive technologies: artificial intelligence, data and computing, autonomy, quantum-enabled technologies, biotechnology, hypersonic technology and space. By Sophie Yeo. NATO has recognised climate change as a security challenge for many years. ... and climate change. In an age of geopolitical competition, Allies are stepping up in response to the challenges of today and tomorrow. Where is NATO Going? Thinking NATO through Theoretically Operations Enlargement NATO-Russia Relations NATO and the European Union Conclusion Endnotes. By strengthening our resilience, preserving our technological edge, addressing the security impact of climate change and working more together. NATO's maritime capabilities in the Arctic will face a number of challenges. In the Artic/High North Region, changes in climate will generate a need to modify de-icing requirements (with increased environmental protection), supply routes (potentially impeded by thawing permafrost) and airfields (e.g. For NATO, this means that the future environment in which it will operate will change dramatically. Resilience is NATO's first line of defence and is essential for the Alliance to successfully fulfil its three core tasks of collective defence, crisis management and cooperative security. At the Summit, NATO Leaders will take decisions to further enhance NATO's ability to deter and defend against any potential adversary, therefore improving the Alliance's readiness, responsiveness and ability to reinforce. Climate models have for a long time correctly predicted the cooling of the subpolar Atlantic, which is apparently associated with a weakening of the Gulf Stream system. The Action Plan comprises specific goals for the Alliance, as well as tasks for NATO as an organization along with a mechanism to ensure monitoring, visibility and Allied ownership. This is why the NATO 2030 initiative to continue adapting the Alliance is at the heart of the Summit. And that is what we’re going to do in this meeting. NATO will strengthen exchanges with partner countries, as well as with international and regional organizations that are active on climate change and security issues, including the EU, the UN, and others, where appropriate. Given the severe impediments that climate change causes for military operations, a NATO response is overdue. Panel on Climate Change — which described the global impact of the planet's temperature rising by 1.5°C in the coming years — pointed specifically to the Arctic … Panel on Climate Change — which described the global impact of the planet's temperature rising by 1.5°C in the coming years — pointed specifically to the Arctic being most affected, and many discussions about Arctic develop-ment have used climate change as a focal point. 9.2. There is now a unique opportunity to strengthen the bond between Europe and North America, and prepare NATO for the future. With Russia and the west snarling at each other, the gradual warming of the planet may seem like a problem for another day. Rene Heise works in NATO’s Emerging Security Challenges Division. Changes in the upper atmospheric layers and the need to make the satellites resistant to space weather effects will pose challenges for the planning of new space mission launch centres, operations and applications, which include earth observation, optical links, broad band data transmission, border and pipeline-monitoring, and flood disaster management. Taking forward the ambitious and forward-looking NATO 2030 agenda will require continued investment in collective defence. The strongest temperature change is forecast for the Arctic with an increase of more than 10 degrees (RCP1.9 is a pathway that limits global warming limit below 1.5 °C, the aspirational goal of the Paris Agreement). These proposals aim to reinforce NATO's unity, to broaden the Alliance's approach to security and to defend the rules-based international order. All the climate scenarios discussed will have consequences for the military. Center for European Integration, University of Bonn, Germany Instituto Nacional de Administradio, Lisbon, Portugal Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, Milan, Italy University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain Danish School of Public Administration, ... And military bases struggled with the need for cooling, since the heat affected soldiers (increasing physiological heat stress) as well as computers and other electronic equipment. GHG concentrations will not fall abruptly, despite all political efforts. The 30 members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization adopted NATO 2030, “a transatlantic agenda for the future,” as well as a Climate Change and Security … The Allies are individually responsible for adapting to climate change but the Alliance must also act collectively. Measurements of the anthropogenic (i.e. Changes in maritime flow patterns will also have implications for Maritime Reconnaissance and Surveillance and submarine warfare. 8 ‘Brussels Summit Communiqué’, NATO, 14 June 2021, nato.int. “The relationship between NATO and Russia is at a low point, the lowest point since the end of the Cold War” NATO secretary general Jens Stoltenberg. The IPCC is the United Nations’ body for assessing the science related to climate change and features 195 member countries plus 161 observer organisations. Given that they have high rates of turnover, how is it possible that any IO retains knowledge about the past? This book introduces an argument for how and why IOs develop institutional memory from their efforts to manage crises. It needs to enhance its political will and institutional capacity to manage climate change threats, both within the alliance itself and within the area most vulnerable to its southern flank: the Middle East. Both are subject to severe disturbances in the Arctic as well as to space weather effects, and may require additional investments to make them more resilient. And thirdly, NATO must find answers to new challenges and threats to security such as climate change; the digital revolution; hybrid, influence, or disinformation campaigns. Informed discussion of the current challenges facing NATO To track the progress made, re-assess the level of ambition, and inform the way ahead, the first Climate Change and Security Progress Report will be delivered at the 2022 Summit. And now, as Secretary General of NATO, I am concerned with how climate change affects our security. “We didn’t have a … This is all about how NATO can continue to adapt to a rapidly changing security environment, with rising threats and systemic competition, major shifts in the global balance of power and increasing challenges to the rules based international order. An important hands-on reference for researchers, educators, and practitionersin the field, this is a practical guide for the development and selection oftoday's scientific and engineering software systems. Despite several scientific reports urgently warning about the devastating impacts and security implications of rising carbon emissions, climate change was not even on the NATO agenda. As parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and signatories of the Paris Agreement, NATO Allies have recognized the need for an effective and progressive response to the urgent threat of climate change, and subscribed to the goal to limit global warming to well below 2, preferably 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels. Source: Alfred Wegener Institute / Esther Horvath, Source: Alfred Wegener Institute / Stefan Hendricks, Source: Alfred Wegener Institute / Lars Barthel, Source: Alfred Wegener Institute / Lianna Nixon, Source: Alfred Wegener Institute / Lisa Grosfeld, Source: Alfred Wegener Institute / Steffen Graupner. It is clear that the UK and its allies in Nato, G7, G20 and the UN Security Council must embrace the opportunity to place climate science at the very heart of how we adapt to a changing world. In a world of growing geopolitical competition, NATO Allies can no longer take their technological edge for granted. ! Source: DKRZ/MPI-M. From the perspective of risk management, environmental security, and the maintenance of defence capabilities, various aspects must be considered: According to new scientific evaluations, mounting evidence shows that what once was considered the IPCC’s "worst case scenario"(surging GHG and a rise of temperature up to 5C above pre industrial times by 2100) will become the accepted baseline. With Russia’s provocation in Ukraine, the threat of ISIS and the end of NATO’s mission in Afghanistan weighing heavily on this year’s proceedings, the spotlight is unlikely to fall on climate change during the two day talks in Newport this week. ‘Climate Action Failure’ ranks number one in terms of impact – ahead of ‘weapons of mass destruction’, ‘cyber attacks’, and ‘infectious diseases’. In a more unpredictable and competitive world, transatlantic unity and solidarity are vital to ensure the defence and security of NATO Allies. This guide contains live links. This has implications for the security, values and democratic way of life of Allied countries. One might observe that both the security agenda (incorporation of new threats such as cyber-attacks 75 , climate change and international terrorism) and policies (further cooperation with Russia and other regions, the need for further enlargement) of NATO keep expanding in the latest Strategic Concept (See Table 1). It … NATO leaders will approve a plan to renew the alliance’s cyber defense and will strive to cope with the planet’s greatest challenge: climate change. Instead, the alliance leaders discussed Russia and China as adversaries, space as a new warfighting domain, greater warfare readiness and more defence spending. A NATO Agenda on Climate Change and Security. Circulation patterns in the Ocean-Atmosphere System are constantly changing, resulting in fluctuations on different time scales. All Hell Breaking Loose is an eye-opening examination of climate change from the perspective of the U.S. military. This book contains some of the papers which were presented at the NATO Science, Environmental Security, Advanced Research Workshop on "Implementing Ecological Integrity: Restoring Regional and Global Environmental and Human Health" held in ... At an arsenal of … This session will highlight the global security challenges posed by climate change, the impact on the military and readiness, and efforts underway to address the threat multipliers to energy, economic, and national security. Climate change also affects the maritime economy. man-made) increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) over the past 200 years indicate significant global warming of the components of the climate system (atmosphere, oceans, land and ice masses) over several decades. Here, the gulf between the parties’ positions could not be wider. When. These can lead to famine, floods, loss of land and livelihood, and have a disproportionate impact on women and girls as well as on poor, vulnerable or marginalized populations, as well as potentially exacerbate state fragility, fuel conflicts, and lead to displacement, migration, and human mobility, creating conditions that can be exploited by state and non-state actors that threaten or challenge the Alliance. A regional shift in the jet stream will directly impact air traffic in the busy transatlantic air corridor. Source: German Armed Forces. 29 June 2021. Operating in increasingly extreme climatic conditions will present challenges for military personnel, for example, reducing the supply of drinking water due to desertification in certain regions. Nonetheless, the world has fundamentally changed in the past decade. This book examines Arctic defense policy and military security from the perspective of all eight Arctic states. Found insideAn International Security Agenda for Canada James Fergusson, Francis Furtado ... UN Security Council's discussions about international security and climate change, and NATO's own Science for Peace and Security Program's muted warnings, ... This interdisciplinary volume sets an agenda for future scholarship that links politics, economics, and history in pursuit of sustainable security for the United States - and greater peace and stability for Americans and non-Americans alike ... NATO allies agreed to an "ambitious agenda on climate and security" in February, Stoltenberg said, and he expects NATO leaders to approve an action plan at a summit later this year. 7 ‘NATO Climate Change and Security Action Plan’, NATO, 14 June 2021, nato.int. In developing the methodology, NATO will draw on the best practice of Allies, and can also leverage expertise from partner nations and other international organizations, including the EU. Allies have agreed seven baseline requirements for national resilience against which they can measure their level of preparedness. These include Russia's pattern of aggressive behaviour; terrorism; cyber attacks and disruptive technologies; the rise of China; and the security implications of climate change. Climate change is a crisis multiplier. In the Arctic, melting ice could lead to new geopolitical tensions. Other economic and environmental se- At the Summit and in the following months, allied leaders will need to take ambitious and practical steps if NATO is to deal with the challenges of today and tomorrow … And I think there are for NATO three roles to fill, three tasks to address. We can expect equally severe impacts on land operations. NATO must always remain ready to deploy troops to manage crises when necessary. This essential collection produces a comprehensive research for academia and significant policy choices for the decision-makers at national, regional, and transatlantic levels regarding Turkey. NATO will, building on its assessments, incorporate climate change considerations into its work on resilience, civil preparedness, defence planning, capability delivery, assets and installations, standards, innovation, training, exercises, and disaster response. I sense significant support for a bold and ambitious NATO 2030 agenda. For example, thawing permafrost, desertification, and the opening up of new shipping lanes are factors that can contribute to increased instability and geostrategic competition. To remain successful and ensure the defence and security of the Euro-Atlantic area, NATO should play a greater role in preserving and shaping the rules-based international order in areas that are important to Allied security. change within NATO, including at NATO summits; f. to examine how NATO’s co-operative security efforts can take into account climate change-related risks, especially with NATO partners that are particularly vulnerable and exposed to climate change; g. to fully support and enhance NATO’s Green Defence Framework and Smart Energy efforts. Changes in the main wind directions of airports (gradual exceeding of the maximum crosswind component of aircraft) must also be taken into account and may require structural modifications, such as changing the direction of runways. Then, NATO 2030 is also about broadening the security agenda, resilience, making sure that we have reliable infrastructure, energy grids, telecommunications, 5G networks, technology, and make sure that we maintain the technological edge, but also addressing the impact of climate change. 9.4. Anti-nuclear sentiments form part of the Greens’ DNA. A NATO Agenda on Climate Change and Security. But climate change is a security threat in itself, and not one that NATO should take lightly. In view of the almost universal recognition of the gravity of the threat, few would argue against … Hungry for change: Faulty food systems laid bare by COVID-19 and climate crises. Unpredictable wind gusts and alterations to wind patterns could influence launch trajectories for satellites and missiles, challenging the viability of space operations in certain regions. 1. The climate discussion is a microcosm of the geopolitical landscape, giving clues to multilateral appetites and diplomatic ambitions elsewhere. Wood: It’s clear from our epic year of climate disasters — some 22 events totaling $95 billion dollars — that climate change is a profound issue for the US … The alliance is an unparalleled success story. A general orientation that can serve as a basis for NATO’s adaptation efforts is the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). transatlantic cooperation on defense and security risks, including latest NATO initiatives ... dimension in the climate adaptation action agenda, with an examination of the potential geopolitical impacts and priorities ... especially with the U.S. being back with a new dynamic and potential for progress on climate change and security. This longtime experience in the maritime domain puts the center in a unique position to support a key element of the NATO 2030 agenda: to become the leading … For example, increased salinity in the Gulf of Aden has caused turbines on several UK frigates to fail. Found insideThe first book to show how nationalism can help us to fight climate change. change within NATO, including at NATO summits; f. to examine how NATO’s co-operative security efforts can take into account climate change-related risks … In March, Allies agreed a new Climate Change and Security Agenda and NATO is now developing an ambitious action plan on climate change for the Summit. For example, flooding, snow/ice or storms could block operational supply routes. Climate change also poses significant challenges to military logistics. Discusses the impact of globalisation on security in the West and in particular the way it has changed the nature of NATO as well as its security agenda. It is a concept that summons the idea that … Found inside – Page 239Once settled, the EU sought to consolidate the Climate Change and International Security Discourse by extending it to the OSCE ... within NATO's agenda, see 'NATO Secretary General Debates Climate Change Security Threats in Copenhagen', ... However, it should be noted that the possibilities for exploration on land and in the air are limited due to the nature of the environment. Its multinational character, and the constant adaptation of its structure and capabilities, allow it to respond rapidly to a changing security landscape, including environmental change. It should therefore serve as an action option for capability adjustments and guide military strategic planning. Found insideIn this new Brookings Marshall Paper, Michael O’Hanlon argues that now is the time for Western nations to negotiate a new security architecture for neutral countries in eastern Europe to stabilize the region and reduce the risks of war ... LONDON: US President Donald Trump and Emmanuel Macron exchanged fire over the future of NATO on Tuesday (Dec 3), as the French leader attacked Turkey and demanded the alliance rethink its strategy.The three-way battle overshadowed the build-up to the alliance's 70th anniversary summit in London, th Visit the portal at www.natomultimedia.tv and click ‘Register’ on the top right. In warmer waters, the situation is equally dire. Such was the case with transport planes and helicopters in Afghanistan. Climate change and extreme weather have significant military implications for NATO on the tactical, operational and military-strategic level. 2. Heads of State and Government participating in the Wales Summit of the North Atlantic Council (NAC), the principal … Taking Forward NATO’s Agenda on Climate Change and Security. This book will appeal to students of NATO, international security and international relations in general. The climate discussion is a microcosm of the geopolitical landscape, giving clues to multilateral appetites and diplomatic ambitions elsewhere. NATO will also increase dialogue with civil society, academia and industry on climate change and security issues, to support its work and contribute to the global response to climate change. Aircraft performance during take-offs and landings is directly dependent on air temperature, pressure (or airfield altitude) and wind. Regional shifts of ocean currents and change of thermoclines (large-scale density-driven circulation in the ocean, caused by differences in temperature and salinity) are occurring. It provides a 360-degree approach and encompasses measures to increase both NATO’s and Allies’ awareness of the impact of climate change on security, along with developing clear adaptation and mitigation measures, and enhanced outreach, while ensuring a credible deterrence and defence posture and upholding the priorities of the safety of military personnel and operational and cost effectiveness. The recent NATO summit in Brussels was, by and large, a big disappointment. The NATO 2030 agenda will most likely set the direction for a new NATO Strategic Concept, to be adopted in 2022. Climate change is one of the challenges that NATO-member heads of state underlined as a key constraint that will further shape the future security environment in … It’s a topic that has been ignored for too long.” Janani Vivekenda, head of … Examines the role of the U.S. in NATO. Perhaps the biggest agreement to come out of the summit, and a core feature of the 2030 agenda, is a renewed pledge to tackle climate change. Transport routes that rely on coastal roads are particularly vulnerable to weather extremes. In addition, NATO will leverage its science and technology programmes and communities to support research on the impact of climate change on security, including gender perspectives in the context of NATO’s Women, Peace and Security policy. Leaders also welcomed an ambitious NATO 2030 agenda that will continue NATO's adaptation to address evolving security challenges, including the security implications of climate change. Individually responsible for adapting to climate change and security today and tomorrow increasing the of! Better monitor, assess and advise Allies on national resilience against which they can measure their level preparedness... Brought Europe stability during the last 70 years directly impact air traffic in the world a more place. 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