Also, greater use of indigenous knowledge should be integrated into Africa's economic, agricultural, scientific, and governance systems. African governments and individuals need to pressure high-polluting industries to demand change. Africa is in need of global climate leadership that can administer international financing and ensure an adequate balance among adaptation, mitigation, and resilience in the face of environmental threats. Gbetibouo, G.A. It draws . According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the vulnerability of Africa to climate change is driven by a range of factors that include weak adaptive capacity, high dependence on ecosystem goods for livelihoods, and less developed agricultural production systems. The Stern Review is an independent, rigourous and comprehensive analysis of the economic aspects of this crucial issue. The warming atmosphere in turn accelerates the hydrologic cycle by increasing its water holding capacity (7% increase per degree C increase) and by increasing potential evapotranspiration (2% increase per degree C increase). Richard Grant, "Africa: Geographies of Change," Oxford University Press: New York, (2015). Schimmelpfennig et al. THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE IN CAMEROON1 Ernest L Molua and Cornelius M Lambi2 1 An earlier version of this Working Paper was published as CEEPA Discussion Paper number 17. Africa's urban poor are more likely to live in high-risk zones and are less able to move in the event of natural disaster. The economic impacts of climate change are the part of the economics of climate change related to the effects of climate change. However, little has been done to assess its economic impact on road infrastructure. Africa now faces the dual onslaught of climate change - currently estimated at between $7 billion and $15 billion each year - and Covid-19, which has claimed 114,000 lives. As well as its serious impact on the environment and people, climate change is one of the biggest threats to economic stability. This vulnerability is driven by the prevailing low levels of socioeconomic growth in the continent. economic impact of climate change on agriculture in Zimbabwe. 2014 Aug;104(8):579 . Rapid urbanization also means that urban infrastructures in Africa are poorly equipped to deal with the effects of climate change on biodiversity, food security, health, water access, and migration. and Hassan, R.M. UN Climate Change News, 27 October 2020 - Increasing temperatures and sea levels, changing precipitation patterns and more extreme weather are threatening human health and safety, food and water security and socio-economic development in Africa, according to a new report devoted exclusively to the continent. Furthermore, this book presents smart strategies for increased agricultural production, reduced food waste, and enhanced nutritional outcomes by harnessing the latest discoveries in agricultural research, education and advisory services. Climate change adds to existing political and economic instability, driving further food insecurity. Although environmental policies vary in each African country, the continent's general climate plan trajectory is not on a sustainable platform. It focuses on how climate change affects different drivers of growth, including labour productivity and capital supply, in different sectors across the world. The considerable anticipated impact of climate change on South Africa's GDP, productivity, and unemployment can also be mitigated through early and coordinated mitigation measures and adaptation efforts. On a continent especially vulnerable to the effects of climate change, Zambia's rapid fall shows how the phenomenon threatens economic development across Africa, and how easily it can contribute . The evidence that at least some of the warming-related . In 2011, The Economist, which in 2000 referred to the continent as ' hopeless Africa', headlined an . Bringing together economists, political scientists, anthropologists and development experts, and spanning a variety of case studies from across the continent, this collection provides a much-needed corrective to the received wisdom within ... Found insideThe purpose of this book is to document the effects of climate change on agriculture in Africa and to discuss strategies for adaptation to hotter weather and less predictable rainfall. No meta-analysis was done to compile the impacts of climate change on maize production for economic analysis in the South African context. Results: Extreme temperatures, erratic rainfall, floods, drought, storm and erosion are prevalent in fish farms. Does the high and highly unequal impact of warming observed by Burke and colleagues mean that we have been underestimating the economic impacts of climate change? Extreme weather events are expected to increase in frequency as the Earth's atmosphere warms. • Make a fair contribution to the global effort to In Nigeria, for example, "A sea level rise of one meter could displace 6.3 million people in Lagos alone and change the spatial distribution and density of both formal and informal urban settlements” (Grant, 2015). REGIONAL IMPACTS OF AND VULNERABILITIES TO CLIMATE CHANGE 18 4.1 Africa 18 4.2 Asia 20 4.3 Latin America 22 4.4 Small island developing States 24 V. ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE 29 5.1 Adaptation strategies, plans and programmes 29 5.2 Local coping strategies 35 5.3 Funding for adaptation 36 5.4 Insurance 39 5.5 Sustainable development planning and practices 42 5.6 Adaptation integration into . Garth Meyers, "Environmental Issues in Africa's Cities," Wiley Online Library, (April 2019), https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118568446.eurs0002, Carolyn Lamere, "UNEP Highlights Environmental Impacts on Health in Africa," New Security Beat, (March 2013), https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/2013/03/unep-highlights-environmental-impacts-health-africa/, Globe Afrique, "Africa Faces Some Serious Environmental Problems: Greenpeace," Globe Afrique, (November 2016), https://globeafrique.com/africa-faces-some-serious-environmental-problems-greenpeace/, R Clay, "A Continent in Chaos: Africa's Environmental Issues," National Library of Medicine, (December 1994), https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7713013/, Akin Mabogunje, "Environmental Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa," Africa Technology Forum, (May 1998): http://web.mit.edu/africantech/www/articles/EnvChall.htm, Scott Fields, "Continental Divide: Why Africa's Climate Burden is Greater," Environmental Health Perspectives 113 no. This volume incorporates Parts 3 and 4 of the report, reviewing current knowledge of observed climate variability and trends in the Mediterranean, and including descriptions of available temperature and precipitation station and gridded ... It is much harder for these smaller nations to effectively recover, but their struggle hasn . In order to understand how environmental change is likely to impact economic development in Africa, we need to first understand the region's economy and how it has changed over the last two decades. The core services include: 1) Helpdesk 2 . The Arab region already suffers adverse consequences from climate change. This book provides information on climate change and its impact, as well as technical guidance on climate adaptation options for policy makers. Richard Washington is a professor of climate science at the School of Geography and the . Africa's explosively growing urban areas will face several impacts of climate change in the near future. Building on the 2012 report, Turn Down the Heat: Why a 4°C Warmer World Must be Avoided, this new scientific analysis examines the likely impacts of present day, 2°C and 4°C warming on agricultural production, water resources, and ... The Social and Economic Effects of Climate Change in Africa. 2 The impact of climate change in Africa • ISS Paper 220 November 2010 threats facing the continent, and the AU position on climate change. This report provides a new, detailed, quantitative assessment of the consequences of climate change on economic growth through 2060 and beyond. This work assesses the economic impact of climate change on road infrastructure using the stressor-response methodology. Climate Change and Global Poverty makes concrete recommendations to integrate international development and climate protection strategies. Given the high burden of disease already associated with environmental factors in this region, this temperature increase may lead to gr … Human health impacts in a changing South African climate S Afr Med J. Rapid urbanization also means that urban infrastructures in Africa are poorly equipped to deal with the effects of climate change on biodiversity, food security, health, water access, and migration. To foster sustainable development in Africa, several policy solutions should be considered. Beyond the terrible toll in human lives and suffering, the Ebola epidemic currently afflicting West Africa is already having a measurable economic impact. The potential impact of climate change on economic systems is well-known. Implementing sustainable development policies and practices across the continent will require a substantial transformation of its energy, industrial, urban, and agricultural systems, plus a movement away from resource-intensive and energy-intensive growth (Grant, 2015). https://www.unenvironment.org/regions/africa#:~:text=Africa%20faces%20serious%20environmental%20challenges,extreme%20vulnerability%20to%20climate%20change. Found insideEnding poverty and stabilizing climate change will be two unprecedented global achievements and two major steps toward sustainable development. 2 Department of Economics, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, Cameroon email: emolua@yahoo.com. Deadline: 14-May-21 African Economic Research Consortium (AERC) is inviting Research Proposals on Climate Change and Economic Development in Africa - country case studies which seek to deepen understanding of environmental challenges and climate change mitigation and adaptation measures by paying greater attention to nuances in specific countries in Africa. Literature Review of the Impact of Climate Change on Economic Development in Northern Ghana Opportunities and Activities Emily Darko with Luke Atazona Overseas Development Institute August 2013 . 3 MacGregor, J. The potential impact of climate change on economic systems is well-known. Africa will be hardest hit by climate change, but has contributed the least to causing that change. The response of net revenue from crop and livestock agriculture across various farm types and systems in Africa to changes in climate normals (i.e. Extreme weather: Volatile weather is a hallmark of climate change, and it can manifest in any number of ways -- droughts, floods, severe storms, heat waves, cold snaps, frosts. Africa must build the resilience and sustainability of its water resources, at a time when . (2005) Assessment of Potential Climate Change Impacts on Namibia's Floristic Diversity, Ecosystem Structure and Function. Applies advanced new economics methodologies to assess possible impacts of climate change on the US economy; for graduate students, researchers and policymakers. Southern Africa will also be . Found insideClimate change is a major challenge for us all, but for African countries it represents a particular threat. This book outlines current thinking and evidence and the impact such change will have on Africa's development prospects. Second, altering the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to reflect Africa's changing environmental conditions is highly recommended. 8, DFID/IIED/NRI. Measuring the health effects from climate change can only be very approximate. More extreme weather events and a rise of 6°C in average temperatures across the country could be possible by the end of . This publication, prepared jointly by the WHO, the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme, considers the public health challenges arising from global climate change and options for policy responses, ... Fourth, more funding is needed to promote sustainable development practices, such as creating more resilient communities and climate-proofing cities to help Africans prepare for and respond to the inevitable impacts of climate change (Grant, 2015). Climate change poses a "significant risk" to South Africa's socio-economic development, Environment, Forestry and Fisheries Minister Barbara Creecy said in the debate on President Cyril Ramaphosa's State of the Nation Address on Tuesday. Here's what needs to be done. Abstract: This study uses the Ricardian approach to analyze the impact of climate change on Ethiopian agriculture and to describe farmer adaptations to varying environmental factors. Climate Change & Greening South Africa's Economy. The work of the Environment and Energy Unit is focused on supporting the Government of South Africa to realize its national priorities to green the economy focusing on two key outputs: firstly, promoting sustainable energy for all through technical advisory services on needed policies and climate-resilient development strategies . (2005), ' Measuring the economic impact of climate change on major South African field crops: a Ricardian approach ', Global and Planetary Change 47 (2-4): 143 - 152. ECONOMY-WIDE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE IN SUB- SAHARAN AFRICA Alvaro Calzadilla a,b,*, Tingju Zhu c, Katrin Rehdanz a,d,e , Richard S.J. A recent report examined how climate change could affect 22 different sectors of the economy under two different scenarios: if global temperatures rose 2.8˚ C from pre-industrial levels by 2100, and if they increased by 4.5˚ C. The study projected that if the higher-temperature scenario prevails, climate change impacts on these 22 sectors could cost the U.S. $520 billion each year. However, little has been done to assess its economic impact on road infrastructure. 28-May-2020 This report assesses economic growth and development risks and opportunities for African countries in two scenarios of future climate changes: a low scenario that until mid-century is consistent with the Paris Agreement (well below 2˚C, pursue 1.5°C) and a high-warming scenario (2˚C by 2050, exceeding 4˚C by 2100). This work assesses . This is not a list of impacts we can expect to see as our climate shifts. Given the significant role that forests play in the climate system – as sources, sinks, and through carbon trading – this book update the current scientific evidences on the relationships between climate, forest resources and forest ... Fresh Insights no. "Understanding the impact of climate change on development priorities in Africa - and adapting economies, societies, natural resource management practices, energy investments, budget and . This study therefore investigates the impacts of global warming on maize production in South Africa using a meta-analysis (for physical impacts) and the Ricardian analysis (for economic impacts). These include increased difficulty in maintaining basic services and creating an environment resilient against future climate-related issues. And, for now, South Africa delivers just that. Our analysis indicates that it will cumulatively (2020-2100) cost Ghana US$473 million to maintain and repair damages caused to existing roads as a result of climate change (no adapt scenario). (1996) present a simple taxonomy that classifies the method of analysis as either structural (Adams et al., 1990 . Economic effects of climate change Climate change is also likely to affect global water availability in the future. Transitioning to sustainable development offers a unique opportunity for cross-collaboration among non-traditional partners toward a more holistic approach to the African development experience. CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS, vULNERABILITy AND ADAPTATION IN ZIMBABWE I CLIMATE CHANGE I ii Executive summary THIS PAPER REVIEWS IMPACTS, VULNERABILITy AND adaptation to climate change in Zimbabwe, with the intention of providing a broad overview of the key issues related to climate change facing this particular country. However, if the country adapts the designing and construction of new road infrastructure expected to occur over the asset’s lifespan (adapt scenario), the total cumulative cost will increase to US$678.47 million. Some of the MDGs should be altered to include building African capacity, creating more sustainable cities, and eliminating poverty. The paper also provides decadal and average annual costs up to the year 2100 for the ten regions through the potential impacts of 54 distinct potential climate scenarios. Longer and more severe heat waves will have a profound impact on crop yields and the frequency of droughts. i EPS-PEAKS is a consortium of organisations that provides Economics and Private Sector Professional Evidence and Applied Knowledge Services to the DfID. Nevertheless, a WHO assessment, taking into account only a subset of the possible health impacts, and assuming continued economic growth and health progress, concluded that climate change is expected to cause approximately 250 000 additional deaths per year between 2030 and 2050; 38 000 due to heat exposure in . The book discusses the impact of climate change and the associated environmental and socio-economic impacts in different parts of the world. The book discussed science and philosophy behind Climate Change and the Kyo https://doi.org/10.35188/UNU-WIDER/2014/753-0, The Economic Impact of Climate Change on Road Infrastructure in Ghana. Second, they can support green development. Shifting climate patterns, coupled with increased demand for water, is reversing development gains and pushing people back into poverty. 'This is a well researched, thorough and impressive work on climate change and agriculture in Africa. Climate warming is caused by excess greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide which are heat trapping gasses. (2005), ' Measuring the economic impact of climate change on major South African field crops: a Ricardian approach ', Global and Planetary Change 47 (2-4): 143 - 152. Here's what needs to be done. Th e paper concludes with recommenda- tions and a suggested way forward. Many African countries have already begun to do this. As a result, wildfire management is becoming more important in order to reduce the damage to people, the economy and the environment. This paper was funded by the GEF and the World Bank. (2006) Ecological Space and a Low-carbon Future: Crafting space for equitable economic development in Africa. Afri-can policymakers should prioritize climate change adapta-tion and mitigation strategies in the development agenda of 2014 and beyond in . There is growing recognition worldwide that environmental concerns need to be at the forefront of the global sustainable development agenda. •To effectively manage the inevitable climate change impacts through interventions that build and sustain South Africa's social, economic and environmental resilience and emergency response capacity; and •To make a fair contribution to the global effort to stabilise greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that avoids dangerous anthropogenic interference with the . Example s include . Climate change presents a major threat to long-term growth and prosperity, and it has a direct impact on the economic wellbeing of all countries. "Climate change is having a growing impact on the African continent, hitting the most vulnerable hardest, and contributing to food insecurity, population displacement and stress on water resources. Smaller nations are more vulnerable to shifts in climate, as evident in the rash of severe storm events or climate-related hardships that have befallen them in recent years. This book examines the impact of climate change on water as well as health. Malaria Diarrhea Malnutrition BIODIVERSITY Loss of 5000 African plant species Loss of 50% of bird and mammals species Riverine Rabbit Morocco South Africa Uganda Niger This study measured the economic impacts of climate change on crop and livestock farming in Africa based on a cross-sectional survey of over 8000 farming households from 11 countries in east, west, north and southern Africa. There are major challenges to the greening of African cities. Literature Review of the Impact of Climate Change on Economic Development in Northern Ghana Opportunities and Activities Emily Darko with Luke Atazona Overseas Development Institute August 2013 . Although focused on events outside the United States, Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis recommends a range of research and policy actions to create a whole-of-government approach to increasing understanding of ... Modelling the Economic Impacts of Climate Change in South Africa . Rather, it is an opportunity to introduce you to some of the real people of South Africa who will be expected to live through these climatic shifts. Using the Ricardian approach (a cross sectional analysis of farm performance across different climate zones), this report examines the impact of climate change on the agriculture sector and the sector's adaptation to that change. Globally, corporate interests continue to undervalue the voices of climate activists and ordinary citizens advocating for more resilient climate policies (Grant, 2015). Tol f,g,h,i, and Claudia Ringler c a Research unit Sustainability and Global Change, Hamburg University and Centre for Marine and Atmospheric Science, Hamburg, Germany b International Max Planck Research School on Earth System Modelling . Farming in South Africa is under . UNEP "Africa: The Challenge," United National Environment Program, (2020). Climate change has a profound impact on human life - it influences temperatures shifts, food security, water resources, greenhouse gasses. In short, for Africa to achieve sustainable development in the face of the grave threat of global climate change, it is vital to increase funding, integrate more local perspectives into the policymaking process, and demand greater accountability from companies that heavily pollute. What's more, these climate-led natural disasters have the greatest and most disproportionate impact on small- to medium-scale farmers, comprising as much as 80% of Africa's agricultural output . 4 Midgley, G. et al. Third, there needs to be more accountability for companies that pollute heavily. Farmers in Eastern and Southern Africa are already experiencing the effects -- in 2016, the region saw the most A higher impact of 0.41 percentage point was however observed when the sample period was reduced to 1961 to 2000 indicating a reduction in the . Climate change intensifies many existing challenges in Africa. 1.1 Socio-economic context 2 1.2 Climate change in Zimbabwe 3 2.0 . There has been a lot more positive reporting on Africa's situation in recent years. In Africa, climate change is disrupting hydrological cycles and putting a strain on water resources, resulting in catastrophic socio-economic and developmental impacts. The exemplar of global climate change is rising atmospheric temperatures. "In African contexts, sustainability must incorporate improvements in housing, living, and working conditions for the poor to complement environmental initiatives" (Grant, 2015). This volume provides an up to date overview of climate variability during the 20th century in the context of natural and anthropogenic variability. Climate change will undoubtedly present one of the most significant risks to Africa's sustainable development objectives over the next decade, and nowhere is the threat more imminent than on its . Climate change and migration are major concerns in the MENA region, yet the empirical evidence on the impact of climate change and extreme weather events on migration remains limited. The specific focus of this seminal work is on the economic impact of climate change on agriculture world wide, and how faced with the resultant environmental alterations, agriculture might adapt under varied and varying conditions. The socio-economic impacts of climate change can already be felt making the need for immediate action a necessity, not a choice. Climate change is expected to make agricultural development in Africa more challenging. Climate change is projected to lead to warmer temperatures, especially in southern Africa, where the warming is predicted to be 2°C higher than the global increase. Fourth, they can prioritize local input at the forefront of policy discussion and implementation. Climate change: Report predicts five extreme events to hit South Africa. For example, activists in Kenya and South Africa have played a leading role in advocating for climate justice. Beautifully illustrated and accessibly written, this book is an essential tool for helping businesses and governments prepare for the future. & Chinesom HEALTH Africa's disease burden is at least two times higher than in any other region in the world. Studies conducted by the Department for International Development show the potential economic impact of climate change in Nigeria is between 6 - 30% of GDP between $100 - $460 billion- A wide . African countries face a wide array of environmental problems that pose a major threat to people in the region. Read more, One Woodrow Wilson Plaza1300 Pennsylvania Ave. NWWashington, DC 20004-3027, The Abraham Accords One Year Later: Assessing the Impact and What Lies Ahead, © 2021 The Wilson Center. Available data shows a decrease of 53.4% of small-scale revenue, a 6.9% reduction in small-scale aquaculture . First, cities need to play a more central role in responding to climate change (Grant, 2015). Overview . 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