From their Other articles where History of Mexico is discussed: Mexico: Pre-Columbian Mexico: It is assumed that the first inhabitants of Middle America were early American Indians, of Asian derivation, who migrated into the area at some time during the final stage of the Pleistocene Epoch. Their chief god was Huitzilpochtli who represented the sun. Tenochtitlán was ransacked of any precious goods and its monuments were destroyed. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. The Aztecs had built a large and wealthy empire in Mexico. He did, however, return nine months later, this time with his Tlaxcalan allies and, after a lengthy siege, the city finally fell. In anticipation of winning his own honor and riches, Cortés later explored the Yucatán Peninsula. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The most successful conquistador was Hernán Cortés, who in 1520-1521, with thousands of Amerindian allies, overran the mighty Aztec empire, thus making Mexico a part of the Spanish empire; this would be the basis of the colony of New Spain. Hernán Cortés entered Mexico from Cuba in 1519 and spent two years overthrowing the Aztec confederation, which dominated Mexico’s civilized heartland. Believed to have been of Portuguese descent, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo was a soldier and explorer in service to Spain. Cortés arrived on Hispaniola in 1504 and took part in the conquest of that island. The Aztecs, who probably originated as a nomadic tribe in northern Mexico, arrived in Mesoamerica around the beginning of the 13th century. The date of their arrival in central Mexico remains speculative. Start studying US History 1 MidTerm. In 1519, Spanish explorer Hernán Cortés (er–NAHN koor–TEZ), with and a band of fellow conquistadors, set out to explore present-day Mexico. But the sun's victory was short-lived. Hernán Cortés hoped to gain hereditary privilege for his family, tribute payments and labor from natives, and an annual pension for his service to the crown. The Aztecs, led by Cuauhtemoc and ravaged by lack of food and disease, finally collapsed on the fateful day of 13th August 1521 CE. The Spaniards used firearms effectively but did most of their fighting with pikes and blades, aided by numerous Indian allies who hated the dominant Aztecs. Native people in Mexico told Cortés about the Aztecs. The Aztecs believed they were the chosen people of the gods. Each afternoon and evening, the sun sank in tired defeat. Hernán Cortés, an ambitious, thirty-four-year-old Spaniard who had won riches in the conquest of Cuba, organized an invasion of Mexico in 1519. The Spanish relied on Indigenous allies to defeat the Aztecs. The victorious sun rose each morning, drove off the moon and stars and captured the daytime sky. He is best known for his explorations of the coast of California from 1542-43.
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